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of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

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    Colorectal cancer is cancer that occurs in the colon or rectum in the lower part of the digestive system.  Colorectal cancer can also be referred to as colon cancer.  Some individuals develop polyps, which are abnormal growths, within the colon or rectum.  Over time, some of these polyps may develop into colorectal cancer.  Almost all colorectal cancers begin as a precancerous polyp.

    In Pennsylvania Colorectal Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death behind lung cancer.  Although incidence and death rates in Pennsylvania are improving, they are still higher than the national average.

    Risk Factors

    • Age: As individuals age, their risk of developing colorectal cancer increases.
    • Personal or family history: Having colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer, or being related to someone that has increases your risk of getting colorectal cancer.
    • Genetic syndromes: Having familial adenomatous polyps (FAP) or Lynch syndrome increases your risk.
    • Lifestyle factors: The factors below may also increase your risk:
      • Lack of regular physical activity;
      • Low fruit and vegetable intake;
      • A low-fiber and high-fat diet;
      • Overweight and obesity;
      • Alcohol consumption; and
      • Tobacco use.

    Reduce the Risk

    Since almost all colorectal cancers start as a precancerous polyp, colorectal cancer screening can be used to find and remove these polyps before an individual develops cancer.  These polyps can be present in the colon for years before invasive cancer develops, and may not cause any symptoms. Screening can find precancerous polyps so they can be removed before they turn into cancer.

    It is recommended that individuals begin screening at age 45 through age 75.  Several screening tests can be used to find polyps or colorectal cancer. Talk to your doctor about which screening method is right for you and how often you should have it done.

    Signs and Symptoms

    Colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer may not cause any symptoms, especially early on.  Because there may not be symptoms, it is very important for individuals to get screened regularly to try and catch the cancer before it begins or in early stages.

    If symptoms are present they may include:

    • blood in or on your stool (bowel movement);
    • stomach pain, aches, or cramps that don't go away; and
    • losing weight without knowing.